Notes

Slide Show

Outline

1	Genomic Evaluations: Past, Present, and Future
2	Genetic Improvement
3	Past
4	History of genomic evaluations
5	Bovine Genome Sequence
6	Background: Genetic Markers A segment of DNA at a unique physical location in the genome that varies sufficiently between individuals that its inheritance can be tracked through families. A marker is not required to be part of a gene.
7	Genetic Markers Allow inheritance to be followed in a region across generations Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are the markers of choice Need lots! 3 million in the genome
8	Cattle SNP Collaboration - iBMAC Develop 60,000 Bead Illumina iSelect® assay USDA-ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research Center: Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory and Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory University of Missouri University of Alberta USDA-ARS US Meat Animal Research Center Starting 60,800 beads – 54,000 useable SNP
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10	Participants
11	Collaboration
12	What’s genomics?
13	What’s whole-genome selection?
14	What’s a SNP?
15	Source of genomic evaluations
16	Present
17	Steps to prepare genotypes
18	Steps to prepare genotypes (cont.)
19	Before clustering adjustment
20	After clustering adjustment
21	What can go wrong
22	Parent-progeny conflict
23	Parent-Progeny conflicts
24	Parent-Progeny conflict resolution
25	Genotype extraction
26	Chips
27	3K chip
28	Imputation
29	Genotyped Holsteins
30	Genotype for Elevation Chromosome 1
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32	X Chromosome
33	Data and evaluation flow
34	Adjustment of Cow Evaluations Traditional cow evaluations inflated compared to bull evaluations US industry wanted cow’s own performance to influence genomic evaluations. Most countries use only bull evaluations for SNP effect estimation Information from genotyped cows did not increasing reliability of yield traits Cow contributions adjusted to be comparable to those from bulls
35	Holstein prediction accuracy
36	Reliabilities for young bulls
37	Holstein Protein SNP Effects
38	Use of genomic evaluations
39	Use of 3K genomic evaluations
40	Updates between trad. evaluations
41	Impact on producers
42	International implications
43	Future
44	Increase in accuracy
45	Application to more traits
46	Summary
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